History - Napoleon Bonaparte

History - Napoleon Bonaparte

 General and the famous French emperor, Napoleon I, out of the womb in Ajaccio, Corsica, in 1769. His real name Napoleon Bonaparte. Corsica into French territory only fifteen months before Napoleon was born, and at times a teenager Napoleon Corsica nationalist who regard the French oppressors. However, Napoleon was sent into a military academy in France and when he graduated from in 1785 at the age of fifteen, he became a French army lieutenant.

 Four years later the French Revolution exploded in recent years and the new French government at war with some foreign countries. Napoleon's first opportunity to show his skill was in 1793, in the battle at Toulon (France recaptured the city from the hands of England), where Napoleon served in an artillery unit. At that time, he was no longer adhering to the familiar nationalist Corsicanya, but already considers himself a Frenchman. Successes gained at Toulon and raised him to be brigadier general in 1796; he was given the burden of responsibility so command the French army in Italy. In the country, between the years 1796-1797, Napoleon had also won a series of victories that made him a hero when he returned to France.

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 In 1798 he led the French invasion of Egypt. This move proved to be disastrous. On land, Napoleon's troops generally successful, but the British Navy under the command of Lord Nelson with a steady tear apart the French fleet, and in 1799 Napoleon left his army in Egypt and returned to France.

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 Once in France, Napoleon the jelly can be concluded that it is more fond of the French people with his victories in Italy rather than the failure of the French expedition to Egypt. Hold on to this fact, just a month after he stepped on the earth of France; Napoleon took part in the struggle for power with Albe Sieyes and others. This coup gave birth to a new government called the "Consulate," and Napoleon became first consul. Although the constitution has been prepared with care and received approval by plebiscite of the people, it's just a mere guise to cover up the military dictatorship of Napoleon, who immediately able to nudges and paralyze his opponents.

 Napoleon's rise to power truly amazing. Precisely, in August 1793, before the battle of Toulon, Napoleon was entirely unknown person. He was nothing more than a low officer twenty-four years old and not entirely French. However, less than six years later - still in the age of thirty years - has been transformed so that the French authorities could not irrefutably, a position he clutched for over fourteen years.

  In the years of his rule, Napoleon did a major overhaul in the system of administration as well as French law. For example, he revolutionized the financial structure and the judiciary; he founded the Bank of France and the University of France, as well as neutralizing the administration. Although each of these changes had an important meaning, and in some cases have the effect of long-term, especially to France, does not have a significant effect for other countries.

 However, one of the reforms undertaken by the influence which Napoleon exceeded his own country France. Namely, the preparation of what is famous as the Code Napoleon. In many ways, this code reflects the ideas of the French Revolution. For example, under this code, there are no special privileges based on birth and origins, all people are equal before the law degree. At the same time, the code is pretty close to the old laws and customs of France, so accepted by the people of France and the court system. In general, the code was moderate, well-organized and written in a concise, clear, and acceptable, what is more easily understood? As a result, this code is only valid in France (the French civil law applicable now almost similar to the Code Napoleon), but also well accepted in other countries with the changes that are tailored to local needs.

 Napoleon constantly growing political belief that he was a man who defended the French Revolution. However, in the year 1804 that herself also proclaimed himself as Emperor of France. Plus, he picked up the throne three brothers in several European countries. This step cannot help but foster resentment on the part of people who consider behavior of the French Republic was entirely a betrayal of the ideas and goals of the French Revolution. However, the main difficulties faced by Napoleon was the war with foreign countries.

 In 1802, in Amiens, Napoleon signed a peace treaty with Britain. It gives relief to the French wind within ten years continuously in the atmosphere of war. However, in the following year peace treaty was broken and the long war with Britain, and its allies began again. Although Napoleon's army repeatedly won the battle on the mainland, the UK could not be defeated if his fleet was paralyzed. Unfortunately, for Napoleon, in abstruse battle at Trafalgar in 1805, British fleet won a great victory. Therefore, the efficacy of surveillance and the UK in the ocean is not in doubt. Although the victory of Napoleon (in Austerlitz against Austria and Russia) occurred six weeks after the Trafalgar, it could not remove the bitterness of defeat in the naval sector.

 In 1808 Napoleon did great folly to involve France in a long war and the uncertain end of the base in the Iberian Peninsula, where the French army did not move stuck for years. However, Napoleon's biggest mistake was his attack on Russia. In 1807 Napoleon met personally with the Czar, and the Tilsit treaty agreed to raise their eternal friendship. However, the conspiracy and was eventually broken fellowship, and in June 1812, Napoleon led troops trampling the earth giant Russia.

 The results of these actions have the same mind. Russians generally avoid direct combat with the army against Napoleon, as Napoleon could advance so quickly. In September, Napoleon occupied Moscow. However, the Russians burned the city and most of the ground. After waiting five weeks in Moscow (with the vain hope Russia will offer peace), Napoleon finally decided to resign, but this decision was too late. The combination of Russian soldiers and blow the cruel winter, did not result in inadequate supply of French troops retreat back into motion a shelter. Less than ten percent of the giant French troops could be out of the Russian earth alive.

 Other European countries, like Austria and Prussia, was aware they had a good chance beat the French. They combine all the strength to face Napoleon, and at the battle of Leipzig in October 1813, Napoleon had another bitter blow to totter. The following year he was stopped and thrown off the island of Elba, a small island off the cost of Italy.

 In 1815 he escaped from Elba Island, returned to France, was well received and returned to power. European powers immediately declared war, and one hundred days after he had his seat again on the throne of power, Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo deadly.

 After Waterloo, Napoleon was imprisoned by the British in St. Helena, a small island in the southern Atlantic Ocean. This is where he breathed their last in 1821 due to attack cancer.

 Napoleon's military career presents an interesting paradox. Very fascinating tactical genius of the movement, and when measured in terms of it alone, he might be considered one of the greatest generals of all time. However, in the field of basic strategy, he declined due to make big mistakes, such as the invasion of Egypt and Russia. Error strategy so stupid than Napoleon did not deserve first-class military leader nicknamed. Is this second assumption is not fair? I think not. Indeed, a general measure of greatness lies in its ability to escape from doing the mistakes that led towards destruction. No such thing happened to Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan and Tamerlane whose army was never defeated. Because in the end be defeated Napoleon in 1815, France has a smaller area than it had in 1879, when the outbreak of the Revolution.

 Napoleon certainly an "egomaniac" and is often considered similar to Hitler. However, there are intricate differences between the two. If Hitler acted at the instigation of some of the biggest hidden ideology, Napoleon solely driven by the ambitions of opportunistic, and he had no stomach to large abattoirs and crazy. In the reign of Napoleon, there are no concentration camps such as that belongs to Hitler.

 Because it is a very well-known name, Napoleon is very easy to trap people thought he was a big influence is exaggerated. Period of short-term effect is large, probably greater than Alexander the Great, although not as big as Hitler. (According to estimates, about 500,000 French soldiers died in the Napoleonic wars, was about 800,000 Germans were killed during World War II-2). By any measure, the act of destruction of Napoleon's less than what Hitler done.

 In regard to long-term effects, it seems more important than Hitler Napoleon, though much less important than Alexander the Great. Napoleon makes extensive changes in the order of the French administration, but the French population only one-seventy-population of the world. In any event, such as administrative changes must be reviewed from the perspective of a reasonable angle. Its effect on the French far fewer than the number of changes in the technological advances in recent two centuries.

 Many people say, the Napoleonic provide opportunities for the changes to the consolidated and become more established the bruise France. In 1815, when the French monarchy eventually reorganized, these changes are sustained and protected so well that the possibility could be the return of the social patterns of the old order something completely impossible. However, the most important change is actually happening and composed before Napoleon. In 1799 when Napoleon held the reins of government all the way to a possible return to the status quo is too late. However, apart from Napoleon himself the royal ambitions of the kingdom, he does hold an important role to spread the idea of ​​revolution throughout Europe.

 Napoleon also brought these influences due to the emergence of widespread and major in Latin American revolution. Spanish invasion to weaken the grip of colonial rule in Spain so that these areas are also colonies by itself loose and ineffective. in Latin America began to take shape.

Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo

Of all the action steps of Napoleon, the most important and most have long-term effects that are just outside the plan and had nothing to do with the plan of Napoleon himself.

Napoleon Bonaparte

In 1803, Napoleon sold the vast area of ​​the United States. He knew, owned by the French in North America are protected against attacks from hard-British attack. In addition, he also needs money; the sale of Louisiana's land may be a sale of a peaceful land of the biggest in the history of the United States as well as transform into a continent-sized country. It is hard to imagine what form this United States without Louisiana. I would have an entirely different country to what we know today. Reasonable doubt and also the United States could become a strong country without the sale of this Louisiana.

Napoleon, of course, is not the only person that played a role and be responsible for this sale. Clear grasp of the role of American government as well. However, the French offer to sell Louisiana was decided in the negotiations by one person. And the person of Napoleon Bonaparte.

History - Napoleon Bonaparte